The Plain Truth's: Your Health Today ONLINE

Anti-obesity drug bites the dust

The search for anti-obesity drugs got a setback with Merck's announcement Thursday that the company has ended obesity research on its experimental drug taranabant. According to a statement from the company, though phase three results showed it did help people lose weight, it also had too many side effects. Here's the company's Oct. 2 statement.

Taranabant is a chemical that blocks a receptor in the brain that is activated by THC, the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. (Readers may be aware that partaking of marijuana stimulates the appetite; conversely, blocking the brain receptor through which this effect occurs might be expected to have an anti-munchie effect.) But the receptor blocked by taranabant is widely distributed in the brain and presumably involved in a variety of brain processes. Plus it's also found in certain other tissues of the body, including fat cells and the adrenal, thyroid and pituitary glands. So it's not surprising the drug would have other effects unrelated to appetite.

According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, "The company said Thursday that both effectiveness and side effects are dependent on dose levels, with higher doses producing greater effectiveness but more adverse events. Essentially, Merck wasn't able to find a dose level that adequately minimizes risk while helping people lose weight to a significant degree."

This isn't the first anti-obesity drug developed that acts on cannabinoid receptors. Another, Sanofi-Aventis' rimonabant (Accomplia), is available in some countries in Europe but hasn't received FDA approval in the U.S.; in 2007 an FDA advisory committee recommended against approval because of side effect concerns.

-- Rosie Mestel

Be Careful Which Breakfast Cereals Your Kids Eat

Boston (ChattahBox) - Consumer Reports Health has issued a warning on many popular cereals, revealing that severl of them that kids consume daily are loaded with sugar.

It is important for parents to pay attention to the report, set to be published in the November issue of Consumer Reports.

The report looked at 27 different brands of cereal, and found that 11 were loaded with sugar, as much as a glazed doughnut in just one serving.

Cereals which were found to have more than 50% sugar by weight included Kellogg’s Honey Smacks, Kraft Foods Inc’s Post Golden Crisp, as well as others.

Other cereals loaded with sugar included Froot Loops, Corn Pops, Rice Krispies, Apple Jacks, and Cocoa Krispies.

Cereal has been touted as a great source of carbs, vitamins, minerals, fiber, etc, but not with this much sugar.

The cereals which rated the best were General Mills’ Cheerios, Kix, Honey Nut Cheerios, as well as Quaker Oats’ Life.

Rodent of the week: When mice overeat

Rodent_of_the_week Overeating not only makes your body expand, it sends your brain off-kilter, say the authors of a new study on obesity. The study, from researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, showed that a part of the brain that is normally dormant can be activated by too many calories.

Previous research has shown that over-nutrition causes an inflammatory response in many tissues in the body. This inflammation can lead to diseases like diabetes. A particular molecular compound called IKKbeta/NK-kappaB is known to promote this inflammation. But by giving mice loads of sugar or fat, the same molecular compound was activated in their brains. That, in turn, caused dysfunctions in the way they handled nutrition, such as changes in the important metabolic hormones insulin and leptin. Insulin lowers blood sugar while leptin controls appetite.

Researchers think that this normally inactive pathway in the brain may have been important in our evolutionary past, perhaps by boosting the body's immunity. But it's definitely something modern-day humans want to avoid. So go easy on that never-ending pasta bowl.

"In today's society, this pathway is mobilized by a different environmental challenge -- over-nutrition," said Dongsheng Cai, the lead author of the study. "The pathway leads to a number of dysfunctions."

The study also found that treatments that prevent the activity of IKKbeta/NF-kappaB in the animals' brains protected them from obesity. Scientists now hope they can create treatments to block this pathway in humans. The study was published in the journal Cell.

-- Shari Roan

Top Psychiatrist Didn’t Report Drug Makers’ Pay

One of the nation’s most influential psychiatrists earned more than $2.8 million in consulting arrangements with drug makers from 2000 to 2007, failed to report at least $1.2 million of that income to his university and violated federal research rules, according to documents provided to Congressional investigators.More...

Toxic Chemicals Common in Baby Products

Toxic fire retardant chemicals linked to cancer, birth defects, and neurological and other health problems are prevalent in common baby products, according to a study released by national environmental group Friends of the Earth.

The study, “Killer Cribs: Protecting Infants and Children from Toxic Exposure,” found that these toxic chemicals, called halogenated fire retardants, appear in a high percentage of baby products, including portable cribs, strollers, car seats and infant carriers. Due to their prevalence in common household products, these chemicals have been found in breast milk and in children. Infants and children are especially vulnerable to the health effects of these chemicals as they impact development at critical stages of growth.

“We’re poisoning our children, one crib at a time,” said Russell Long, Vice-President of Friends of the Earth. “Given the clear links to learning disorders and reproductive problems, this is beyond foolish. Fortunately, there are fire-safe alternatives, but the chemical industry is fighting hard to keep its profits at the expense of our kids.”

Friends of the Earth’s Sara Schedler, the report’s lead author said, “We sampled a wide variety of children’s products, and what we found was alarming. Toxic chemicals are being put into products that children and babies interact with on a regular basis, endangering their health. The government must act now to limit these chemicals’ use, and companies should immediately phase them of their products.”

The largest state in the nation may soon enact safeguards. A bill sponsored by California Assemblyman Mark Leno (AB 706) would end the use of these dangerous chemicals in many products and has already passed the California Assembly. Action is pending on the California Senate floor.

“Kids shouldn’t have to sleep on or play with toxic products that could cause long-term damage to their health,” Leno said. “Our bill would help ensure they don’t.”more..

Overeating Makes Brain Go Haywire

Overeating makes the brain go haywire, prompting a cascade of damage that may cause diabetes, heart disease and other ills, U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.more..

Saliva Ingredient Helps Heal Wounds, Report Says

Human saliva contains a compound that greatly speeds wound healing, according to scientists from The Netherlands.

The scientists' report, published online in The FASEB Journal (http://www.fasebj.org), may offer hope to people suffering from chronic wounds related to diabetes and other disorders, as well as traumatic injuries and burns. In addition, the fact that the compound can be mass produced means it has the potential to become as common as antibiotic creams and rubbing alcohol.

"We hope our finding is ultimately beneficial for people who suffer from non-healing wounds, such as foot ulcers and diabetic ulcers, as well as for treatment of trauma-induced wounds like burns," said Menno Oudhoff, first author of the report.

Specifically, scientists found that histatin, a small protein in saliva previously believed to kill only bacteria, was responsible for the healing. The researchers used epithelial cells that line the inner cheek and cultured in dishes until the surfaces were completely covered with cells. Then they made an artificial wound in the cell layer in each dish, by scratching a small piece of the cells away.

In one dish, cells were bathed in an isotonic fluid without any additions. In the other dish, cells were bathed in human saliva.

After 16 hours the scientists noticed that the saliva-treated "wound" was almost completely closed. In the dish with the untreated "wound," a substantial part of it was still open.

This proved that human saliva contains a factor which accelerates wound closure of oral cells. Because saliva is a complex liquid with many components, the next step was to identify which component was responsible for wound healing. Using various techniques the researchers split the saliva into its individual components, tested each in their wound model, and finally determined that histatin was responsible.

"This study not only answers the biological question of why animals lick their wounds," said Gerald Weissmann, MD, editor-in-chief of The FASEB Journal, "it also explains why wounds in the mouth, like those of a tooth extraction, heal much faster than comparable wounds of the skin and bone. It also directs us to begin looking at saliva as a source for new drugs."

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High rate of C-section births is health concern for women

By SARA L. AINSWORTH
GUEST COLUMNIST

Washington's extraordinarily high rate of Caesarean-section deliveries, reported Aug. 22 in the P-I, raises alarms for those who care about women's reproductive health and patients' rights.

Both the law and respect for women's humanity require that every pregnant woman be fully informed of the risks of all forms of labor and delivery in a language she can understand; that she be supported in her decisions about how to bring her children into the world, whether it be in a hospital, a birthing center or at home; and that she not be penalized for those decisions either medically or legally.

In addition to the potential health risks of the surgery, women who have C-sections face consequences that even conscientious health care providers may not recognize or discuss with their patients.

In many parts of this state, having one C-section delivery will require another at a subsequent birth, even over the objection of the pregnant woman and her doctor. Several Washington hospitals refuse to allow doctors to provide labor and delivery services to pregnant women who have had a previous C-section unless those women submit to a second C-section delivery.

Those hospitals claim they cannot allow those women to have the same care they provide to all other pregnant women because the small additional risk of uterine rupture requires an anesthesiologist on staff 24 hours per day. It is difficult to credit this claim, given that most if not all of those hospitals have emergency departments open 24 hours per day, and that other pregnant women are also at risk of complications during labor and delivery that may necessitate emergency surgery.

Frequently, there is no alternative hospital within a safe distance, or the pregnant woman's insurance (or lack thereof) limits her ability to seek care at another location. A pregnant woman must either submit to a subsequent C-section, whether she thinks it is a wise medical decision or not, or deliver her baby outside the hospital. For those women who do not want a home birth, or who cannot have one because of lack of health insurance coverage or lack of available midwives within a safe distance of home, this is coercion, not consent.

Insurance practices also harm women who have had C-section surgeries. The New York Times recently reported that health insurance companies have denied coverage to women who have had C-section deliveries, calling the surgery a "pre-existing condition." And here in Washington, midwives struggle to obtain insurance that will cover their care for women who have had a previous C-section.

Policies and practices that force pregnant women to submit to unnecessary surgery cannot be justified. We would never countenance that practice for any other patient. Pointing to potential risk to the baby does not justify ignoring the mother's decisions about her medical care.

Such reasoning inappropriately views a pregnant woman's decision about her and her baby's needs as suspect, and it ignores her legal rights as a patient. All pregnant women, whether they view birth as a natural event only rarely needing medical intervention, or whether they willingly accept medical assistance with the birth process, have the legal right to informed consent and to direct the experience of bringing their children into the world.

Sara L. Ainsworth is senior legal and legislative counsel at Northwest Women's Law Center.

Amendment 48: It's dangerous to women

Imagine a law declaring that, upon becoming pregnant, a woman loses her right to bodily integrity, life and liberty. Such a law has been proposed in Colorado, a so-called "human life amendment" to the state constitution declaring that the term "person" includes "any human being from the moment of fertilization."

According to Kristi Burton, the spokeswoman for Amendment 48, it's about "the power of truth." The truth, however, is that this amendment will be devastating to pregnant women and dangerous for both maternal and fetal health.

Constitutional law ensures that people — including pregnant women — have the right to make their own health-care decisions. Yet, it is clear that if fetuses are recognized as legal persons, pregnant women could very likely lose these constitutionally protected rights. That's because laws like this one enable the state to intervene in pregnant women's lives.

For example, in Washington, D.C., doctors sought a court order to force Ayesha Madyun to have a C-section, claiming the fetus faced a 50 to 75 percent chance of infection if not delivered surgically. The court said, "All that stood between the Madyun fetus and its independent existence, separate from its mother, was — put simply — a doctor's scalpel." With that, the court granted the order. When the procedure was done, there was no evidence of infection.

In Florida, Laura Pemberton wanted to have a vaginal birth after a previous C-section. Her doctors believed that her fetus had a right to be born by a C-section. A sheriff came to her house, took her into custody while she was in active labor, strapped her legs together and forced her to go to a hospital, where they were holding a hearing about the rights of the fetus. A lawyer was appointed for her fetus but not for her. She was forced to have a C-section. Pemberton subsequently gave birth vaginally to four more children, defying the medical and court predictions of harm.

In each case, state intervention was based on the claim that fetuses had separate legal rights — exactly the ones Amendment 48 would establish in Colorado. But these forced interventions or deprivations of liberty did not actually protect mothers or babies.

If the amendment passes, Colorado's juvenile courts will have jurisdiction whenever doctors or family members disagree with a pregnant woman's medical decisions. A woman's right to bodily integrity, due process, and even life itself will disappear in the face of fetal personhood claims.

To oppose the recognition of fetal personhood as a matter of state constitutional law is not to deny the value of potential life as matter of religious belief, emotional conviction or personal experience. Rather, it is to recognize that rewriting the state constitution to include human beings from the moment of fertilization is to exclude women from the moment they become pregnant.

L. Indra Lusero is LUZ Reproductive Justice Think Tank J.D. Candidate, University of Denver School of Law, and Lynn M. Paltrow is executive director of National Advocates for Pregnant Women.

New Survey Reveals Women Are Unaware of the Dangers of Surgical Adhesions

Red Bank, NJ - Although more than half of the country's women will have some type of pelvic surgery and are therefore at risk for surgical adhesions, a survey released this month by the not-for-profit National Women's Health Resource Center (NWHRC) finds that women are largely unaware of the health risks associated with adhesions.

Surgical adhesions occur when tissue in the abdominal cavity adheres, or gets stuck to other tissue. Adhesions commonly form following pelvic surgeries, such as hysterectomy, tubal ligation, cesarean section, and cyst removal. Left untreated, adhesions can cause infertility, abdominal pain, and bowel obstruction.

The survey of 1,000 women showed respondents strongly believe women should be informed about surgical adhesions prior to surgery (69%). Conversely, an overwhelming majority of women (80%) who had pelvic surgery were not informed about adhesions prior to their surgery. Of the women in the survey who suffer from adhesions, seven out of ten (70%) say they would have taken special precautions to protect themselves from getting adhesions if they had been aware of possible adhesion-related complications.

Susan Jones*, a human resources director and mother of three from McLean, Virginia, has experience with the long-term effects adhesions can have on a person's health. All of Jones's children were delivered by cesarean section. Due to adhesions caused by these three surgeries, she suffers from reoccurring abdominal pain and has been advised not to have any more children because of the increased difficulty of delivering a baby surrounded by such a large amount of scar tissue.

"My first c-section only took about 10 minutes for the doctor to get the baby out," said Jones. "My second c-section took nearly 45 minutes and my final c-section took nearly an hour and a half. My doctor had such a hard time maneuvering around the scar tissue to get to my baby."

"If I had known about adhesions," continued Jones, "I would have talked to my doctor about what can be done to reduce my risk for getting them."

Like Ms. Jones, half (51%) of survey respondents were not aware that preventative measures can be taken to lower your risk of adhesions and an even higher proportion (68%) of women that had undergone surgery did not know if their surgeon took specific steps to guard against adhesions.

"Preventive measures to reduce the incidence of adhesions are the mainstay of limiting the complications related to adhesions," stated Dr. Glenn Schattman, Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University. "These include using minimally invasive surgical procedures, meticulous surgical technique, keeping tissues moist, reducing bleeding and the use of adjuvant adhesions prevention barriers to keep the tissues from sticking to each other."

"It's important to understand that once adhesions form, they are hard to get rid of," continued Dr. Schattman. "Adhesions can cause blockages of the intestines, fallopian tubes causing infertility and pain."

When faced with pelvic surgery, women said they were most concerned about short-term surgical issues such as the general recovery process (60%), immediate surgical results (59%) and post surgical pain (59%).

"Along with their immediate post-surgery concerns, women need to make adhesions part of the pre-surgery dialogue with their health care provider," stated Elizabeth Battaglino Cahill, RN, executive vice president of the NWHRC. "We hope that this adhesion awareness campaign can give women the tools they need to understand the health risks of adhesions and how to protect themselves from this life-long internal scarring."

To provide women the information they need about ways to minimize the risk of surgical adhesions, the NWHRC has developed a one-page fast facts on adhesions and an in-depth Guide to Preparing for Gynecologic Surgery. The guide includes sections entitled:

All About Adhesions
Preparing for Surgery Checklist
Choosing a Surgeon
After Your Surgery

To download your complimentary online copy of the Guide to Preparing for Gynecologic Surgery, "Fast Facts for Your Health: Pelvic Adhesions" or to learn more about the adhesion survey, please visit NWHRC's award-winning Web site, www.healthywomen.org. The survey and campaign materials were made possible through support from Ethicon Women's Health & Urology, a division of ETHICON, Inc.